Heat stroke , also known as sun stroke , is a type of severe heat disease that produces body temperature over 40.0 ° C (104.0 ° F) and confusion. Other symptoms include red, dry or moist skin, headache, and dizziness. Onset may be sudden or gradual. Complications may include seizures, rhabdomyolysis, or renal failure.
Heat stroke occurs due to high external temperature or physical activity. Risk factors include heat waves, high humidity, certain medications such as diuretics, beta blockers, or alcohol, heart disease, and skin disorders. Cases unrelated to physical activity usually occur in people who are in extreme ages or with long-term health problems. Diagnosis is based on symptoms. This is a type of hyperthermia. It differs from fever, where there is a physiological increase in the set temperature point.
Precautions include drinking enough fluids and avoiding excessive heat. Treatment is by rapid physical body cooling and supportive care. Recommended methods include spraying people with water and using fans, inserting people into ice water, or giving cold intravenous fluids. While it makes sense to add ice packs around a person, this is by itself not recommended routinely.
It produces over 600 deaths per year in the United States. Prices have risen between 1995 and 2015. The risk of death is less than 5% in those with sports-induced heat stroke and as high as 65% in those with non-sports induced cases.
Video Heat stroke
Signs and symptoms
Heat stroke is generally present with hyperthermia greater than 40.6 Ã, Â ° C (105.1 Ã, Â ° F) in combination with disorientation and lack of sweating. Before a heat stroke occurs, people show signs of heat exhaustion such as dizziness, mental confusion, headaches, and weakness; if a heat stroke occurs when the person is asleep, symptoms may be more difficult to notice. However, in a heat attack expedition, the affected person can sweat excessively. Young children, in particular, may experience seizures. Finally, unconsciousness, organ failure, and death will occur.
Maps Heat stroke
Cause
Biological
Heat stroke occurs when thermoregulation is overwhelmed with a combination of excessive heat production (deployment), excessive environmental heat, and inadequate or disrupted heat loss, resulting in an abnormally high body temperature. Substances that inhibit cooling and cause dehydration such as alcohol, stimulants, drugs, and age-related physiological changes affect the trend of "classic" or non-exertional (NEHS) heat stroke, most often in elderly and weak individuals in seasonal situations heat with inadequate ventilation. Existential hearth strokes (EHS) can occur in young people without health or drug problems - most commonly at athletes, outdoor workers, or military personnel involved in severe hot weather activity or in the first certified respondents who wear protective equipment heavy self. In an environment that is not only hot but also humid, it is important to realize that the moisture reduces the rate at which the body can cool itself with sweat and evaporation. For humans and other warm-blooded animals, excessive body temperature can disrupt enzymes that regulate biochemical reactions that are essential for cell respiration and major organ function.
Car
Between 1998 and 2011, at least 500 children in the United States died of being in hot cars and 75% were under 2 years old. When the outside temperature is 21Ã, Â ° C (70Ã, Â ° F), the temperature in the car parked in direct sunlight can rapidly exceed 49Ã Â ° C (120Ã, Â ° F).
Young children, elderly adults, or disabled people alone in a vehicle, are at risk of a heat stroke. "Hot attacks on children and the elderly can happen within minutes, even if the car window is opened slightly." Because these individual groups can not open car doors or express oral discomfort (or be heard in a closed car), their circumstances may not be immediately noticed by others around them. It is recommended that parents put their wallets, wallets, or whatever is valuable in the back seats so that when they get their items out of the back seats they can see that their child is there too. For larger groups in vans or buses, checking out dissatisfied people at the end of the journey is important, supplemented by other procedures such as head counting.
Pets are even more vulnerable than humans to heat strokes in cars, because dogs (animals that are usually involved), cats, and many other animals can not produce whole body sweat to cool off. Allowing a pet at home with plenty of water on hot days is recommended instead, or, if the dog has to be carried, it can be tied out of purpose and provided with a full water bowl.
Among the recent deaths of children in hot cars, about half happened because parents forgot that the child was in the car, 18% occurred after the parents deliberately left the child in the car without understanding how much heat can, and 30% occur after the child goes up. into the car to play. Lawsuits against parents in these situations can vary greatly. In a separate incident, a college professor in California forgot that his son was in a hot car, and a horse nurse in Florida consciously left his daughter in his car during the racetrack. Each produces an accidental death of a child; college professors were never prosecuted, while the horse guard was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment followed by deportation.
Baby forgotten syndrome
"Forgotten baby syndrome" is a fictitious medical term for the dangers of an adult caregiver who forgets about the existence of a child and consequently subjects the child to danger. Regardless of the word "syndrome", this is not a recognized medical condition. However, the term has reached several currencies in newspapers, magazines, blogs, and other popular media. "Forgotten baby syndrome" can result in a child who is severely injured or dying from a trap in a hot car. In general, this is the unintentional behavior of constantly busy parents who forget to get their child out of the backseat of the vehicle or forget to put it in the destination, often due to a deviation from their automated habits.
Prevention
The risk of heat stroke can be reduced by observing precautions to avoid overheating and dehydration. Loose, loose clothing will allow the sweat to evaporate and cool the body. The wide-brimmed hat in bright colors helps prevent the sun from warming the head and neck. Ventilation in the cap will help cool the head, because the sweatbands are moistened with cold water. Heavy exercise should be avoided during the day in hot weather, as it should be in confined spaces (such as cars) without air conditioning or adequate ventilation.
In hot weather, people need to drink lots of cold liquid to replace the fluid lost by sweating. Thirst is not a reliable sign that a person needs fluids. A better indicator is the color of the urine. Dark yellow color can indicate dehydration.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration in the United States publishes QuickCard with checklists designed to help protect against heat stress:
- Know the signs of heat related illnesses.
- Block direct sun and other heat sources.
- Often drink fluids, and before you are thirsty.
- Wear light, light-colored, loose clothing.
- Avoid drinks containing alcohol or caffeine.
Treatment
Treatment of heat stroke involves rapid mechanical cooling along with standard resuscitation measures.
Body temperature should be lowered rapidly. The person should be moved to a cool area (indoors, or at least in the shade) and clothing that is released to promote heat loss (passive coolant). Active cooling methods should also be used, if possible: The person is bathed in cold water, or a hyperthermia vest may be applied. (However, wrapping a person with a wet towel or clothing can actually act as an isolation and increase body temperature.) Cold compress to the body, head, neck, and groin will help cool the victim. Fan or dehumidifying air conditioning unit can be used to assist in evaporative water evaporative methods.
Immers a person into a cold water bath (immersion method) is a widely known cooling method. This method may require the efforts of some people and the person should be monitored carefully during the treatment process. Submerging should be avoided for an unconscious person, but if there is no alternative, the person's head should be held up on the water.
Immersion in very cold water was once considered counterproductive by reducing blood flow to the skin and thereby preventing heat coming out of the body core. However, this hypothesis has been challenged in experimental studies, as well as by systematic review of clinical data, suggesting that vasoconstriction of the skin and shivering thermogenesis do not play a dominant role in the decrease in core body temperature caused by cold water immersion. This can be seen in the effects of submersional hypothermia, where the decrease in body temperature is directly related to the temperature of the environment, and although the body's defenses slow down the temperature drop for a while, they end up failing to maintain endothermic homeostasis. Dantrolene, a direct-acting paralysis that eliminates shuddering and is effective in various forms of hyperthermia, including centralized, peripheral and cellular thermogenesis, has no individual effects or additives for cooling in the context of heat stroke, indicating a lack of endogenous thermogenic responses to cold water immersion. Thus, aggressive ice water immersion remains the gold standard for life-threatening strokes.
Hydration is important in cooling people. In the case of mild concurrent dehydration, this can be achieved by drinking water, or commercial isotonic sports drinks can be used as a substitute. In sports or heat-induced dehydration, electrolyte imbalances can occur, and may be exacerbated by excessive water consumption. Hyponatremia can be corrected with hypertonic fluid intake. Fast and complete absorption in most people but if the person is confused, unconscious, or unable to tolerate oral fluids, then infusion may be necessary for rehydration and electrolyte replacement.
A person's condition must be reevaluated and stabilized by trained medical personnel. The person's heart rate and breathing should be monitored, and CPR may be required if the person has a heart attack.
Prognosis
It has long been believed that heat stroke causes only a rare permanent deficit and that recovery is almost complete. However, after the 1995 Chicago heatwave, researchers from the University of Chicago Medical Center studied all 58 patients with severe heat stroke to require intensive care in 12 regional hospitals between July 12 and 20, 1995, ranging in age from 25 to 95 years.. Nearly half of these patients die within one year - 21 percent before and 28 percent after being released from the hospital. Many survivors lose their independent function; one third had severe functional impairment upon return, and none improved after one year. The study also recognizes that due to overcrowded conditions in all participating hospitals during the crisis, immediate care - very important - is not as comprehensive as it should be.
Epidemiology
In India, hundreds die every year from summer heat waves, including over 2,500 by 2015. Later in the same summer, the Pakistan heat wave of 2015 causes about 2,000 deaths.
Other animals
Heatstroke can affect livestock, especially in hot and humid weather; or if the horse, cow, sheep or other is unfit, overweight, has a thick coat, overworked, or left in a horse box in full sun. Symptoms of saliva, panting, high temperature, sweating, and rapid pulse.
Animals should be moved to the shade, moistened with cold water and offer water or electrolytes to drink.
References
External links
- Heat stroke on MedicineNet.com
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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