West Orange is a suburban small town in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. In the 2010 Census of the United States, the municipal population was 46,207, reflecting an increase of 1,264 (2.8%) of 44,943 counted in the 2000 Census, which in turn increased by 5,840 (14.9%) from 39,103 counted in the 1990 Census.
Video West Orange, New Jersey
Histori
West Orange was originally part of the Native American Hackensack clan territory, for more than 10,000 years. The Hackensack is a phatry of the Unami Leni Lenape tribe. In their language, "Leni Lenape" means, "The Original People." The Acquackanonk sub-tribe is located along the Passaic River. They are part of the Algonquin language family, and are known as "Delaware Indians" in the 18th century. They identify themselves with the Turtle totem. They are hunter-gatherers, matrilineal, and have cultural traditions such as Wedding Ceremonies. Northfield Ave and Old Indian Road in West Orange, remain as the original Hackensack track. Their main settlement is where Hackensack is now. They will travel to sea or mountain to hunt for food. The Passaic River runs in reverse V - 8 miles (13 km) west and east, and 13 miles (21 km) north of West Orange. Over the centuries before industrial development, the Passaic River and Watchung Mountains are the main geographical landmarks in the middle of the untouched wilderness.
West Orange is situated atop the Watchung Mountains. This favorable point over the eastern valleys to Manhattan - has strategic value for Leni Lenape's soldiers, and then George Washington's troops during the American Revolution. The forested South Mountain reservation has rocks shaped like the back of a large turtle. This area is now known as the "Turtle Reef Picnic Area" and gives its name to the Turtle Zoo. The Turtle Back Rocks are considered sacred to Native Americans, as they relate to their Creation myths about "Turtle Island". "Turtle Island" is the original name of America for North America. In the creation myth, the world was created from the back of the tortoise.
Native Americans initially did not understand the concept of "land ownership". They consist of many hunter-gatherer tribes that will overlap territory and sometimes have tribal wars, but do not "own" the land. They believe only take what is needed immediately from nature, and consider the needs of the next seven generations. This hospitality initially benefited the European settlers, who fought in the desert after reaching the coast of North America. In the 1500s and 1600s, the area was debated and transferred many times between the Hackensack colonies, the Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden, and England. Due to wars between Native Americans and European settlers, most of the European settlers lived in the East of the Hudson River. In 1664, England controlled the Dutch New Netherlands. On October 28, 1664, Britain bought 500,000 hectares of land from Hackensack, from Staten Island to the Passaic River in the North to the Raritan River in the South, about 154 British pounds. This is known as "The Elizabethtown Purchase."
In 1666, the Puritan Captain Robert Treat moved south to New Jersey from Connecticut and purchased a piece of land from the Governor of Carteret, west of the Passaic River and 8 miles (13 km) east of what is currently West Orange. However, the Hackensack tribe denied this purchase, saying it was not included in the Elizabethtown Purchase. On July 11, 1667, Treat completed his purchase through Samuel Efsal, a Lenni Lenape translator. He later founded "New Ark" or Newark, building it as a Puritan theocracy, as it had done in Milford, CT. The Newark region continued to extend into the West as Britain overthrew the Netherlands and claimed or bought more of the Hackensack area. This expansion is done primarily by individual property owners, who will buy the land little by little. Sometimes they will name it themselves or where they come from Europe. Often the borders are not clearly defined, and few if any maps are left.
In 1678, Anthony Olive became the first European to settle in what is now called West Orange. He is from the Netherlands. He started a farm at the foot of the mountain - in what is now Llewellyn Park. It is a jungle that is still untouched. In 1702, New Jersey became a British royal colony. By 1706 what is now West Orange - is considered part of Essex County in the East Jersey region.
In the 1700s West Orange was known as part of the "Newark Mountains". During the American Revolution, the Valley was inhabited by farms and factories. The area on Main St is now known as "Tory Corner" called Williamstown, after the two brothers Nathaniel and Benjamin Williams. Nathaniel and his two eldest sons are Loyalists to the British crown, and collect other Loyalists for the meeting. Nathaniel took his eldest son James and Amos to join the British Army in 1777, and never returned. Meanwhile, Nathaniel's wife, Mary Williams, lives on the farm with her younger children. His farmhouse had been built in 1720. He gave freely to the Washington revolutionary forces. James finally returned to the ranch several decades later, to reunite with his mother, Mary. Nathaniel and Amos never returned. Nathaniel died of smallpox in New York. A plaque for Mary Williams was founded by the Princess of the American Revolution in 1922.
West Orange was originally part of the township of Newark, and remained so until November 27, 1806, when the territory now includes all the Orang Orange separately to form Orange City. On April 13, 1807, the first government was elected. On January 31, 1860, Orange was incorporated as a city, and on 3 April 1872, it was incorporated as a city. Almost immediately, Orange began to split into smaller communities, mainly because of local disputes over the cost of establishing police departments, firefighters and roads. South Orange was organized on April 1, 1861, Fairmount (an independent municipality for less than a year later part of West Orange) on March 11, 1862, and East Orange on March 4, 1863. Western Orange (including what once was the municipality independently separated from Fairmount) was established as a township on April 10, 1863, and reformed as a city on February 28, 1900. In 1980, West Orange returned to the municipality to take advantage of federal revenue-sharing policies that allocated a larger share of government aid to cities that are classified as cities.
The township gets its name from William III of England or William IV, Prince of Orange, who in turn comes from the city of Orange.
The Eagle Rock Reservation is bordered by West Orange and Montclair. It's home to many eagles. Currently it is a trail head for Leni Lenape Trail. Rock Spring is located at the bottom of Turtle Back Rocks - currently on the corner of Northfield Ave and Walker Road, West Orange. Water from Spring is considered to have healing powers since the Indians. In the 19th century, visitors from New York City would come to West Orange to drink water from this spring for their curative powers. West Orange becomes a resort or village - with boating, fishing and the Amusement Park at Crystal Lake near Eagle Rock Reservation. In 1901, the first uphill Car test took place called Eagle Rock Hill Climb.
Llewellyn Park, the first planned community in America, is located in West Orange, and was designed by businessman Llewellyn Haskell and architect Alexander Jackson Davis in 1857. Llewellyn Park was considered one of the best examples of the "Romantic Landscape" movement of that period.
Thomas Edison is one of many inhabitants. The Thomas Edison laboratory, currently a National Park, found 1,093 patents including Light Bulb, Stock Ticker, and Recorded Sound. The lab field also includes the first film studio Black Maria - America, the birthplace of Hollywood. In the late 1800s, the West Orange Valley area was home to 34 cap factories, known as the cap capital of the country. It is currently under redevelopment as "Hat City" or "The Valley Arts District". Until 2007, Orange Quarry Company is located in West Orange, where basalt is mined.
Post-World War II, there was a boom in real estate development in West Orange. In the 1960s, the "white flight" of the Newark Riots and the Civil Rights Era led to a further settlement of West Orange. The opening of the I-280 highway in 1970 made West Orange a popular "community bed" area for commuters to New York City. This coincided with the US immigration law reopened for Asian immigration in 1965, and the 1980 desegregation of the American suburbs. In the 1990s, West Orange had become America's "melting pot" - home to a very diverse international community. Many industries have made West Orange grow, leaving the area in the 1960s. This leaves behind some of the urban diseases and warehouses left behind in the Valley, in contrast to the rich communities on the mountain tops.
It is now home to the Kessler Institute, where actor Christopher Reeve was rehabilitated. It is also home to many Jewish synagogues and Korean churches.
Maps West Orange, New Jersey
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the municipality has a total area of ​​12,171 square miles (31,522 km 2 ), including 12,046 square miles (31,198 km 2 ) of land and 0.125 square miles (0.324 km 2 ) water (1.03%). Located about 5 miles (8.0 km) west of downtown Newark and 13 miles (21 km) west of New York City.
The western branch of the Rahway River comes from Crystal Lake and passes through the township on the South Mountain Reservation.
West Orange is bordered by the Essex County community of Essex Fells, Livingston, Millburn, Maplewood, Montclair, Orange, Roseland, Verona and South Orange.
Nearby Areas
Unrelated communities, locations and names located partially or entirely within the township include Crestmont, Crystal Lake, Llewellyn Park, Pleasantdale, and Saint Cloud.
The municipality is characterized by an eclectic mix of environmental and housing types, which is approximately in accordance with the municipal geographical features. Generally, municipalities have four different environments:
- Downtown West Orange and The Valley
The oldest and most densely populated section is Downtown West Orange, located in a low basin along the eastern municipal border with the towns of Orange and Montclair. Main Street, in this section, is home to Thomas Edison National Historical Park, as well as municipal buildings, police headquarters, and post office branches. The West Orange Public Library is located on Mount Pleasant Avenue in this section, just west of Main Street. Downtown West Orange is styled in a traditional city pattern, and formed around the western end of two major east-west arteries of the Newark road network: Central Avenue and Park Avenue. Downtown West Orange has the most urban features in a neighborhood, while the Valley is home to a thriving art district, the West Orange Arts Center, the Luna Stage and significant African American communities.
- First Mount
In West Downtown, areas of West Orange are becoming increasingly suburban when one is climbing a steep hill at Mount Watchung Pertama along Northfield, Mount Pleasant, or Eagle Rock Avenue. The housing stock in the neighborhood of Hutton Park and Gregory is a mixture of Victorian, Jazz Age, and Tudor homes; large estates; garden apartments; and a modern home after World War II. The Victorian enclave Llewellyn Park, one of America's first planned housing communities, is also located at First Mountain, created in 1853 as a site for rural homes for the wealthy people of New York City. Many blocks at First Mountain have a steep view of Newark and New York City skylines.
- Pleasant Valley and Pleasantdale
Behind the high ridge traced by Prospect Avenue, West Orange became a post-World War II suburban patchwork, punctuated with the pockets of older Victorian homes, as well as golf courses, professional campuses and shopping centers. Pleasantdale, a business district that can run in this municipal section, including a number of restaurants, office buildings, and places of worship. Pleasantdale is also home to a significant Orthodox Jewish community.
- Second Mountain
Finally, the western part of West Orange lies along the east side of Mount Watchung Second, and includes a large section of the South Mountain Reservation. The housing stock in this neighborhood is similar to Pleasantdale, as well as the adjacent suburbs of Millburn and Livingston.
Demographics
Census 2000
In the 2000 US Census there were 44,943 people, 16,480 households, and 11,684 families living in the settlements. Population density was 3.708.7 people per square mile (1.431.7/km 2 ). There are 16,901 units of homes with an average density of 1,394.7 per square mile (538.4/km 2 ). Racial makeup of the township is 67.6% White, 17.5% African American, 0.14% Native American, 8.09% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Island, 3.52% of other races, and 3.20 % of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 10.04% of the population.
There are 16,480 households where 32.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.0% are married couples living together, 11.2% have unmarried female households, and 29.1% are not family. 24.6% of all households consist of individuals and 11.6% have someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.19. In municipalities the population is spread by 23.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 23.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% or more. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 women, there are 88.6 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there are 84.0 men.
The average income for households in the city is $ 69,254, and the average income for families is $ 83,375. Men have an average income of $ 52,029 compared to $ 39,484 for women. The per capita income for municipalities is $ 34,412. Approximately 4.6% of families and 5.6% of the population are below the poverty line, including 6.0% of those under the age of 18 and 7.8% of those aged 65 and older.
Census 2010
At the 2010 US Census, there were 46,207 people, 16,790 households, and 11,753 families living in the township. Population density was 3,836.0 per square mile (1,481.1 km/km 2 ). There are 17,612 housing units with an average density of 1,462.1 per square mile (564.5/km 2 ). The racial makeup of the township is 57.15% (26,406) White, 26.58% (12284) Black or African American, 0.38% (174) Native American, 7.96% (3.680) Asian, 0.02% 10) Pacific Islands, 4.82% (2,227) of other races, and 3.09% (1,426) of two or more races. Hispanic or Latin of any race is 16.20% (7,487) of the population.
There were 16,790 households where 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 12.7% had non-husbands female households, and 30.0% were not family. 25.5% of all households are made up of individuals, and 12.6% have someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size is 2.70 and the average family size is 3.28.
In the villages, the population is spread by 23.7% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 27.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% years or more. The median age was 40.6 years. For every 100 women there are 88.3 males. For every 100 women age 18 and older there are 83.2 men.
The 2006-2010 American Census Community Survey shows that (in 2010 the dollar-adjusted inflation) average household income was $ 88,917 (with a margin of error of $ 4,480) and the average family income was $ 106,742 (/- $ 5.256). Men have an average income of $ 65,854 (/- $ 4,548) versus $ 43,223 (/- $ 2,769) for women. The per capita income for municipalities is $ 43,368 (/- $ 2,021). Approximately 4.9% of families and 7.1% of the population are below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under the age of 18 and 7.5% of those aged 65 and older.
Economy
Essex Green Shopping Center is an outdoor mall with shops, restaurants and AMC Cinema, as well as a touch screen cinema. The 350,000-square-foot mall (33,000 m 2 ), the largest of its kind in Essex County, was purchased in 2016 by Clarion Partners.
Sports
Jersey Hockey Rockhoppers Team from the Eastern Professional Hockey League, formed for the 2008-09 season, playing at home at Richard J. Codey Arena. The Arena was also used to be a training facility for the New Jersey Devils from 1986-2007. The New Jersey Daredevils, a special needs hockey team formed in 2002 that plays at SHI (Special Hockey International League), uses the arena for games and home practice. Every year in October, Daredevils organizes a Halloween themed tournament for the Special International Hockey team (including Daredevils itself) called Frankenfest. Frankenfest has been held every October since 2009. The Hockey Team of New Jersey Devil also plays here.
Parks and recreation
Township departs with two large parks: South Mountain Reservation along the southwestern border with Maplewood, Millburn and South Orange, and Eagle Rock Reservation along its northeastern border with Montclair and Verona. The municipality crosses the transition between the low Newark Bay basin and the highlands of the Watchung Mountains.
Fishing and kayaking is available on the Rahway River.
Government
Local government
West Orange is governed by Plan B of the Mayor-City government council system in accordance with the Faulkner Act, as applied on 1 July 1962, with a direct petition. Each member of the Council is elected for a four-year term on a staggered basis, with three council seats or two seats and mayoral seats for election every year and even years. The municipal elections are nonpartisan, with all seats selected on a large scale. In December 2013, the municipal council approved a regulation that changed city elections from May to November elections, citing savings from a combined election estimated at as much as $ 100,000 per cycle.
In 2016, West Orange Mayor Robert Parisi, whose term ends on 31 December 2018. Municipal Councilors are Michelle Casalino (2020), Victor Cirilo (2018), Jerry Guarino (2020), Joe Krakoviak (2020) and Susan McCartney (2018 ).
In September 2015, the Township Council chose Michelle Casalino to fill the expired seat in December 2016 that Patty Spango had held until his resignation from office. On November 8, 2016, Councilwoman Casalino was elected for a four-year term.
City court
The municipal officials are:
- Dennis Dowd, CJMC - Chief Judge
- Dawn Donahue, JMC - Municipal Judge
- Joseph Wenzel - City Attorney
- Joseph Deer - Public Defender
Politics
On March 23, 2011, there were a total of 30,561 registered voters in West Orange, of which 14.166 (46.4%) were registered as Democrats, 3,273 (10.7%) registered as Republicans and 13,108 (42.9%) registered as Unaffiliated. There are no voters registered in other parties.
In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 71.3% of the vote (15,214 players), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 27.9% (5,950 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (177 votes), among 21,491 votes cast by 32,061 registered voters in the municipality (150 ballot papers broken), with voter turnout 67.0%. In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 67.8% of the vote (15,423 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 29.3% (6,667 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (154 votes), among 22,740 letters votes cast by the municipality have 30,260 registered voters, for the voters 75.1%. In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 64.7% of the vote (13,535 votes), beating George W. Bush with 34.0% (7118 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (186 votes), among 20,933 votes by 28,418 registered voters in the municipality, for the percentage of voters 73.7.
In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 56.0% of the vote (6,350 players), in front of Republic Chris Christie with 42.9% (4,863 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (125 votes), among 11,580 votes cast by 32,390 registered voters in the municipality (242 broken ballots), for a turnout of 35.8%. In the 2009 gubernatorial elections, Democrat Jon Corzine received 59.3% of the vote (8,168 votes), in front of Republic Chris Christie with 32.9% (4,530 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 6.2% (858 votes) and other candidates with 0.7% (100 votes), among 13,773 ballots cast by 29,898 registered voters in the municipality, yielding 46.1% of voters.
Representations of Federal, state and county
West Orange is divided between the 10th and 11th Congressional districts and is part of the state's 27th state legislative district of New Jersey. Prior to the 2010 Census, West Orange has been split between the 8th Congress District and the 10th Congress District, a change made by the Redistricting Commission of New Jersey which came into force in January 2013, based on the results of the November 2012 election. In redistricting which took effect in the year 2013, 18,122 residents in the eastern part of the three municipalities are stationed in the 10th district, while 28,085 residents in the western part of the township are stationed in the 11th District.
New Jersey's Tenth Congress District is represented by Donald Payne Jr. (D, Newark). The Eleventh Congress District of New Jersey is represented by Rodney Frelinghuysen (R, Harding Township). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrat Cory Booker (Newark, term ended 2021) and Bob Menendez (Paramus, 2019).
For sessions 2018-2019 (Senate, General Assembly), the 27th Legislative District of New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Richard Codey (D, Roseland) and in the General Assembly by Mila Jasey (D, South Orange) and John F. McKeon (D, West Orange). The governor of New Jersey is Phil Murphy (D, Middletown Township). Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Sheila Oliver (D, East Orange).
Essex County is governed by a directly elected Regional Executive, with a legislative function undertaken by the Council of Rightsholders. By 2018, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo Jr. (D, Roseland). The Selected Supervisory Board in the region consists of nine members, four massively elected and one from each of the five wards, serving three years of tenure simultaneously, all of which end on 31 December 2018. Freeholder District is President of Freeholder Brendan W Gill (D, at-large; Montclair), Freeholder Vice President Wayne L. Richardson (D, District 2 - Irvington, Maplewood and Newark's South Ward and parts of Ward West; Newark), Janine G Bauer (D, District 3 - East Orange, South and West Region, Newark, Orange and South Orange, designated to serve temporarily), Rufus I. Johnson (D, in general: Newark), Lebby C. Jones (D, in general: Irvington), Leonard M. Luciano (D, District 4 - Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell), Robert Mercado (D, District 1 - North Neighborhood and East Newark, part of Central and West Wards; Newark), Carl os M. Pomares (D, District 5 - Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair, and Nutley; Bloomfield) and Patricia Sebold (D, in general, Livingston). Selected constitutional officers throughout the county were County Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (West Caldwell; D, 2020), Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (Fairfield; D, 2018) and Surrogate Theodore N. Stephens II (D, 2021).
Education
The West Orange Public Schools serves students in pre-kindergarten through the twelfth grade. In the school year 2011-12, 11 school districts had enrollment of 6,792 students and 573.6 class teachers (based on FTE), for student-teacher ratios of 11.84: 1. Schools in districts (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the Center for Education Statistics National) seven elementary schools - Gregory Elementary School (590 students in class K-5), Hazel Avenue Elementary School (368, K-5), Kelly Elementary School (424; PreK-5), Mount Pleasant Elementary School (416; K-5), Redwood Elementary School (576; K-5), St. Cloud Elementary School (386; K-5) and Washington Elementary School (403; K-5) - three secondary schools - Thomas A. Edison Central Six School (6; 475), Liberty Middle School (7 & amp; 8; 551 ) and Roosevelt Middle School (7 & amp; 8; 464) - and West Orange High School (2,141) for grades 9-12.
Pleasantdale School was renamed Kelly School in May 2016 to honor Mark and Scott Kelly, identical twins who attended school in second grade before becoming a NASA astronaut.
Transportation
Roads and highways
In May 2010, the municipality had a total of 114.54 miles (184.33 km) of highway, of which 89.63 miles (144.25 km) was managed by the municipality, 19.45 miles (31.30 km) by Essex County and 5.46 miles (8.79 km) by the New Jersey Transportation Department.
The Essex Freeway (Interstate 280) is the main limited access road that passes from east to west. Route 10 passes in the west and has a western tip on CR 577 (which runs north-south through the township). CR 508 also crosses the municipality from east to west.
Public transport
NJ Transit offers a municipal bus service to Newark on route 21, 29, 71, 73 and 79, with local services on route 97. As of September 2012, as part of budget cuts, NJ Transit suspends services to Newark on line 75.
DeCamp Bus Lines offers scheduled services between municipalities and Port Authority Bus Terminals in Midtown Manhattan on 66 routes. Coach USA/Community Coach serves Terminal Port Authority on route 77. OurBus operates a commuter route to New York City serving Livingston and West Orange.
The municipality offers jitney services that operate on weekdays, offering services to Orange and South Orange train stations.
Mass media and telecommunications
For decades, West Orange has become a hotbed for the mass media and telecommunications industries. Thomas Edison Black Maria, the first film studio, is located on Main Street and Lakeside Avenue. Some radio and television broadcast antennas are located in the city. From the late 1960s/early-1970s to early 1990s, UHF 68 TV Channels maintained their offices, studios and transmitters at 416 Eagle Rock Avenue. After Channel 68 moved to West Market Street in Newark and transmitted them to the Empire State Building in Manhattan, NBC owns and operates the WNBC-TV Channel 4 and WPXN-TV Channel 31 stations (NBC then sells ownership to WPXN parents, Paxson Communications) in the Eagle Rock Avenue backup operational facility in case of a disaster event such as the destruction of their main transmitter at World Trade Center that occurred on September 11, 2001. The original Channel 68 building was later dismantled and a new building erected in its place. Two religious radio stations and one independent television station are all owned by Family Stations, Inc. WFME (AM) at 1560 kHz and licensed to New York City, WFME-FM at 106.3mHz and licensed to Mount Kisco, New York and the WNYJ-TV Channel 66 ethnic TV channel licensed to West Milford, New Jersey maintaining their studios and offices on Mount Pleasant Avenue. WFME's former 94.7mHz frequency acquired by Cumulus Media in 2012 and renamed WNSH along with former Upsala College radio station WFMU (now owned by Auricle Communications) has their transmitter tower on Marcella Avenue, WNSH next to WFME/WNYJ and WFMU in gated hut.
Verizon Communications, which existed from the mid to late 1950s and early 1960s when the New Jersey Bell, operates analog headquarters and fiber optic facilities on Prospect Avenue near Essex Green Shopping Center and its original fiber optic and satellite transmitter facilities and operated by MCI Inc. until it was acquired by Verizon in 2006. In addition Sprint Corporation, T-Mobile and Verizon Wireless own or lease cell phone towers across the city.
Famous people
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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