Travel to the Earth Center (French: Voyage au de la Terre Center , also translated with the title Travel to the Center of the Earth and Journey to the Interior of the Earth is a 1864 science fiction novel by Jules Verne The story involves the German professor Otto Lidenbrock who believes there is a volcanic tube to the center of the Earth.He, his nephew Harry, and their guide Hans down the Icelandic volcano SnÃÆ'Â|fellsjÃÆ'¶kull, face many adventures, including prehistoric animals and natural hazards, before finally coming to the surface again in southern Italy, on the Stromboli volcano.
The genre of underground fiction has existed long before Verne. However, this book greatly increases its popularity and then influences such writings. For example, Edgar Rice Burroughs explicitly acknowledges Verne's influence on his own Pellucidar series.
Video Journey to the Center of the Earth
Plot
The story begins in May 1863, at Lidenbrock's home in Hamburg, Germany, with Professor Lidenbrock rushing home to peruse his latest purchase, an authentic secret script from the Icelandic saga written by Snorri Sturluson (Snorre Tarleson in several versions of the story), "Heimskringla" ; chronicles the king of Norway who ruled over Iceland. While browsing through books, Lidenbrock and his nephew Axel found a coded note written in a secret script along with the name of a 16th-century Icelandic alchemist Arne Saknussemm. (This is the first indication of Verne's love for cryptography.The encoded, vague, or incomplete message as a plot device will continue to appear in many of his works and in each case, Verne will greatly explain not only the code used but also the mechanisms used to retrieve the original text.) Lidenbrock and Axel translate the runic characters into Latin letters, revealing messages written in seemingly strange code. Lidenbrock tries to decipher, concluding the message into a transposition code; but the result is equally meaningless to the original.
Professor Lidenbrock decided to lock everyone at home and force himself and the others (Axel, and the maid, Martha) to leave without food until he broke the code. Axel found the answer while fanning himself with the text described: the decomposition of Lidenbrock is correct, and only needs to be read backwards to reveal sentences written in harsh Latin. Axel decided to keep it a secret from Professor Lidenbrock, afraid of what the Professor would do with that knowledge, but after two days without food he could not stand the hunger and revealed a secret to his uncle. Lidenbrock translates the notes, which are expressed into medieval records written by Icelandic alchemist Arne Saknussemm (fictitious), who claims to have found a passage to the center of Earth through SnÃÆ'Â|fell in Iceland. In what Axel calls bad Latin, the message outlined:
The Snefflls ] Iokulis kraterem The shadow of the Skartaris is only the first of the July deskendes, Auda travelers to the plurality of terrestrial plane. Code Feki. Arne Saknussemm.
In a slightly better Latin, with a changed error:
In the Sneffels Jokul crater, which is just a shadow of the July Scartaris, First down, brave travelers, and reach the center of the earth; He makes. Arne Saknussemm
which when translated into English, reads:
Get off, brave traveler, into the Snafffell crested crater, where the Scartaris shadows touch (lit: appetizing) before the Calendars of July, and you will reach the center of the earth. I did it. Arne Saknussemm
Professor Lidenbrock was a man with an astonishing impatience, and left for Iceland soon, bringing his reluctant niece with him. Axel, who, in comparison, advocates, repeatedly attempts to argue with him, explains his fears going down to the volcano and proposes scientific theories about why travel is impossible, but Professor Lidenbrock repeatedly continues to blind himself to Axel's point of view. After a quick trip through Kiel and Copenhagen, they arrived in ReykjavÃÆ'k, where they both got the services of Hans Bjelke (Danish-speaking Icelander eeldown hunter) as their guide, and traveled overland to the base of the volcano.
At the end of June, they reached the volcano, which has three craters. According to Saknussemm's message, the journey to the center of the Earth is through a crater that is touched by the shadow of a nearby mountain peak during the day. However, the text also states that this is only valid in the last days of June. Over the next few days, with July getting closer, the weather is too cloudy for any shadow. Axel quietly rejoices, hoping this will force his uncle - who has repeatedly tried to inculcate his courage only to succeed in making him even more cowardly - releasing the project and returning home. However, for Axel, on the second day to the last day, the rising sun and mountain peaks show the right crater to take.
After descending into the crater, the three travelers went to the Earth's belly, encountering many strange phenomena and great danger, including a room full of fireplaces, and steep wells around the "road". After taking the wrong turns, they ran out of water and Axel was almost dead, but Hans touched the adjacent underground river. Lidenbrock and Axel named the "Hansbach" flow to honor it and all three were rescued. At another point, Axel became separate from the others and lost some miles from them. Fortunately, a strange acoustic phenomenon enabled him to communicate with them from a few miles away, and they soon reunited.
After falling for miles, following Hansbach's path, they reached an unimaginably wide cavern. The underground world is illuminated by electrically charged gas in the ceiling, and filled with deep underground sea, surrounded by rocky coastlines covered with petrified trees and giant mushrooms. The traveler built a raft of trees and sailed. Professor named this sea "Sea Lidenbrock" and port as "Port GrÃÆ'¤uben", after the name of his goddaughter. While on the water, they saw some prehistoric creatures like the giant Ichthyosaurus, who fought with the Plesiosaurus and won. After the battle between the monsters, the party came on an island with a large geyser, which Lidenbrock named the "Axel Island".
Thunderstorms again threatened to destroy the rafts and passengers, but threw them into the shoreline. This part of the coast, Axel finds, lives with prehistoric plants and animal life forms, including giant insects and a herd of mastodons. On a beach covered by bones, Axel finds a large human skull. Axel and Lidenbrock ventured into the prehistoric forest, where Professor Lidenbrock showed, in a shaky voice, prehistoric man, over twelve feet tall, leaning against a tree and watching a group of mastodons. Axel can not be sure whether he really saw the man or not, and he and Professor Lidenbrock argue whether proto-human civilization really exists underground. The three asked whether the creature was a human-like ape, or ape-like human. The appearance of this creature is considered to be the most worrying part of the story, and explorers decide that it is better not to remind him of their presence because they fear it might be hostile.
The travelers continue to explore the coastline, and find the hallway marked by Saknussemm as a way forward. However, it was blocked by what appeared to be a recent cave and two of the three, Hans and Professor, were desperate for not being able to hack their way through the granite walls. The adventurers plan to blow rocks with cotton pistols and paddle into the sea to avoid the explosion. However, after carrying out the plan, they found that behind the tombstone there was a seemingly bottomless hole, not a part to the center of Earth. The travelers drift when the sea storms into a wide open gap in the ground. After spending hours swept with lightning speed by the water, the raft ends inside a large volcanic flue filled with water and magma. Frightened, the three rushed upward, because of the stinging heat, and flew to the surface from the sides of a stratovolcano. When they regained consciousness, they discovered that they had been expelled from Stromboli, a volcanic island located in southern Italy. They returned to Hamburg for great recognition - Professor Lidenbrock was hailed as one of the greatest scientists in history, Axel married his lover, GrÃÆ'¤uben, and Hans finally returned to his peaceful life in Iceland. The professor regretted that their journey was shortened.
At the end of the book, Axel and Lidenbrock realize why their compass is behaving strangely after their journey on a raft. They realized that the needle was heading in the wrong direction after being struck by an electric fireball that nearly destroyed a wooden raft.
Maps Journey to the Center of the Earth
Inspiration
This book was inspired by Charles Lyell of 1863 (and possibly also influenced by Lyell's earlier early work of Principles of Geology published 1830-33). At that time geologists have abandoned the biblical record of the development of the Earth and it is generally assumed that the end of the last glacial period marks the first appearance of mankind, but Lyell draws on new findings to put human origins farther back. deep geological past. Lyell's book also influenced the second edition of Louis Figuier's edition of La Terre avant le dà © luge ("Earth before the flood") which included dramatic illustrations of savage men and women wearing animal skins and using stone axes, in where the Garden of Eden is shown in the 1863 edition.
It should be noted that at the time of writing, Verne did not hesitate to have a sympathetic German protagonist who could be identified by the reader. Verne's attitude toward Germany would change drastically after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. After 1871, the sympathetic and eccentric Professor Otto Lidenbrock will be replaced in Verne fiction by Professor Schultze who is really evil and evil from The Begum's Fortune.
Main characters
- Professor Otto Lidenbrock: a professor of geology.
- Axel: Professor Lidenbrock's nephew, a student who is too cautious and not tough.
- Hans Bjelke: the Danish Icelandic eiderduck hunter who guides them; reliable, resourceful, and uninterrupted.
- GrÃÆ'¤uben: the godmother of Professor Lidenbrock with whom Axel fell in love, from the Vierlande region of Hamburg.
- Martha: housekeeper at Professor Lidenbrock's house.
The prehistoric animal is shown
- Deinotherium (teeth only)
- Pterichthys
- Dipterides - Two-finish fish
- Leptotherium - Creatures like gazelle
- Merycotherium - Beings like cattle
- Lophiodon
- Anoplotherium
- Mastodon
- Megatherium
- Pterosaurs were not identified, probably Pterodactylus
- An unknown ogre bird species, maybe teratorn
- Ichthyosaurus
- plesiosaur
- Glyptodon (shell only)
Publication notes
The first English edition was published in its entirety by Henry Vickers in 12 installments from Boys magazine entitled "The Boys Journal". The plates are more than the book form published with the title page of 1872. If released in 1871 as a single volume it was too late in that year. The first "True" edition is also found in normal octavo book size (not the Annual measure), has been ignored by bibliographers. It has a place of excellence up to about 3 of the way through 12 monthly problems and then slid down into the main body of the journal. The magazine does not seem to survive in a loose format of 12 individual sections.
- English edition 1871 published by Griffith and Farran (named Travel to Center of the Earth in Project Gutenberg) is a translation that is changed and changed. It changed the name of the Professor to Hardwigg, Axel's name to Harry (or Henry) Lawson, and the name Grauben to Gretchen. This eliminates some chapters, while rewriting or adding sections to others. Notes editor by Norm Wolcott, at Project Gutenberg, claims that this translation is the most popular reprinted, though there are drawbacks. Translation 1877 by Ward, Lock, & amp; Co., Ltd., translated by Frederick Amadeus Malleson, is more loyal, although it also has a bit of rewriting (according to the editor on the Project Gutenberg page, where the title is translated as Journey to the Interior of the Earth ).
- The 1877 translation by Ward Lock & amp; Co. Ltd., translated by Frederick Amadeus Malleson was adapted by the edition of AD Classic Books' Journey to the Center of the Earth . In this edit by A.R. Roumanis, ancient writing and outdated remarks that make this the most modern version available.
- This novel often uses Professor's tools that explain or debate scientific things with Axel, to communicate the scientific facts that form the basis of world view. In the midst of their descent, this role reverses at one point, as Axel shows the strata to the Professor as another example of the same storytelling method. Many things postulated in the novel are now known to be faulty, including a room temperature of minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit, and volcanoes erupting due to a reaction between water and chemicals in the Earth's crust.
Adaptation
Movies
- 1959: Journey to Center of the Earth , USA, directed by Henry Levin, starring James Mason and Pat Boone. In the film, Axel's character becomes Alec and more daring than the coward in the novel. The film introduces two new main characters: the female explorer and the main antagonist. 1978: Spain, directed by Juan Piquer SimÃÆ'³n, starring Kenneth More and Pep Munnà © ©. It's distributed in the UK and US as Where is the Start Time .
- 1989: Travel to the Center of the Earth takes the title and general idea of ​​Verne novel, and has a unique plot devoted to teenage viewers. It was written by Debra Ricci, Regina Davis, Kitty Chalmers, and Rusty Lemorande, and directed by Lemorande and Albert Pyun. It stars Emo Philips, Paul Carafotot, Jaclyn Bernstein, Kathy Ireland, Janet Du Plessis, Nicola Cowper, Lochner De Kock, and Ilan Mitchell-Smith. It was based on an unfinished version, more faithful to the Verne text, written and directed by Lemorande, who had been left unfinished due to the premature closure of Cannon Films.
- 2008: Travel to Center of the Earth is a 3-D movie by Eric Brevig. The cast members include Brendan Fraser, Anita Briem and Josh Hutcherson. The film follows as a sequel to the original book.
- 2008: Travel to Center of the Earth - Live release to DVD by The Asylum, which is a loose adaptation of the original book. It was released as a Travel to Middle Earth in the UK.
See also
- Underground fiction
- Pellucidar
- Spartacus and the Sun Under the Sea
Note
References
Further reading
- Debus, Allen (July 2007). "Re-Framing the Science in Jules Verne's Journey to the Center of the Earth". Science Fiction Study . 33 (3): 405-20. JSTORÃ, 4241461. .
External links
- Travel to Center of the Earth (Griffith and Farran, 1871) all the early English translations.
- Travel to Center of the Earth and PDF Full text from Oxford University Press translation, with introduction, notes, and attachments. Most modern translations are available online.
- Journey to the Interior of the Earth (Malleson, trans.; Ward, Lock & amp; Co., 1877) from JV.Gilead.org.il
- Journey to Interior of the Earth (Malleson, trans.; Ward, Lock & amp; Co., 1877) Ã, - easy to read HTML format.
- Travel to Earth Interior in Project Gutenberg (English)
- Travel to Earth's public domain audiobook interface on LibriVox
- Free Audio Book "Trip to Center of the Earth" from The Drama Pod
- Travel to Center of the Earth - Classic Illustrated comic book
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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