The development of sexuality is an integral part of the development and maturation of children. Various sensational, emotional and consequent sexual activities that may occur before or during early puberty, but before full sexual maturity is established. The development of child sexuality is influenced by social and cultural aspects; The perception of developing child sexuality is even more influenced by cultural aspects. The concept of child sexuality also plays an important role in classical psychoanalysis.
Video Child sexuality
Histori
The human evolution of the social system seems to support the kinship relationship between adults and children, demonstrating a culture intended to protect children from harm.
Christianity
In Western Europe, the dominant religion is Catholic and theologians such as Bishop Augustine of Hippo regard orgasm as sin. Later, theologians reinforced this idea and in the middle ages the scholars were urged to interrogate the laity and, if inappropriate, punish them with a supervised penance regime and a diet of bread and holy water for weeks or months (in the sixth century, St. Columban publishes a 20 day penance table).
In the wider Christian tradition, any sex, except for the purpose of deliberate conception, various are said by scholars to cause blindness, deafness and mental confusion, and (in Catholicism) the eternal punishment of a sinner's soul if not fully confessed.
Islam
In Islam, mixing between men and women is desperate, especially when personally. Although touching and kissing people outside the immediate family is not allowed, some socialization is encouraged so that men and women can get to know each other (Surah Al-Hujurat) as long as there is no obscenity, touch, secret meeting or teasing.
Modern time
Little is known about the sexuality of children before the Age of Enlightenment, but it is thought (given the number of waiters required to run large households and simple home designs) that many children will observe sexual activity as a frequent and natural phenomenon. In the 19th century, with the advent of industrialization and literacy, sexual repression seems to have become institutionalized and extra-marital activity that is generally criminalized to the point where newly married couples have difficulty in achieving their marriage consummation.
Freud
Until Sigmund Freud published his book The Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality in 1905, children are often regarded as asexual, having no sexuality until further development. Freud is one of the first researchers to seriously study child sexuality. While his ideas, such as the psycho-sexual development and the Oedipus complex, have been rejected, recognizing the existence of child sexuality is a significant change. Children naturally want to know about their body and their sexual function - they wonder where the baby came from, they see the anatomical differences between men and women, and many are involved in playing genital or masturbating. Child sex games include showing off or checking the genitals. Many children take part in some sex games, usually with relatives or friends. Playing sex with other people usually decreases as children go through their elementary school years, but they may still have a romantic interest in their friends. The level of curiosity remains high during these years, increasing in puberty (roughly teenage years) when the main wave of sexual interest occurs.
Contemporary situation
In the latter part of the twentieth century, sexual liberation may arise in the context of a massive cultural explosion in the United States after the turmoil of the Second World War, and a large number of audiovisual media are distributed worldwide by new electronics and Information technology. Children tend to gain access and be influenced by the material, although there are censors and content control software.
Maps Child sexuality
In Western culture
Children can discover the pleasures of genital stimulation naturally at an early age. Boys often lie on their stomachs and girls can sit and rock. Manual stimulation occurs during adolescence and mutual masturbation or other sexual experiments between adolescents of the same age may also occur, although cultural or religious coercion may inhibit or strike such activity if there is negative peer pressure or if authority figures tend to disagree.
Some cultural critics in the Western world have argued that over the last few decades, children have experienced early sexuality, as demonstrated by levels of sexual knowledge or inappropriate sexual behavior for their age group. The causes of early sexuality that have been cited include portrayals in the sex media and related issues, especially in media devoted to children; marketing of products with sexual connotations for children, including clothing; lack of parental supervision and discipline; access to adult culture via the internet; and the lack of comprehensive school sex education programs. For girls and young women in particular, research has found that sexuality has a negative impact on their "healthy self-image and development".
When an adult or an older adolescent has a sexual relationship with a child, it is often considered a form of child abuse known as child sexual abuse. The effects of child sexual abuse include clinical depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, a tendency to become more victims in adulthood, and physical injury to children, among other problems. Child sexual abuse by family members is a form of incest, and can lead to more serious and long-term psychological trauma, especially in cases of parental incest.
Theory and research
Research on young sexuality has been widely practiced during the 20th century in the Western World and is largely concerned with the emphasis for religious reasons and/or fears about the spread of sexually transmitted infections.
Sigmund Freud in his work in 1905 The Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality describes the psycho-sexual development theories with five distinct phases: oral stages (0-1,5 years), stage anal (1.5-3.5 years), phallic phase stage (3.5-6 years) culminating in complex Oedipus resolution, latency phase (6-12 years) of age), and stage genital (or adult).
Alfred Kinsey in Kinsey Reports (1948 and 1953) included research on the physical sexual response of children, including pre-puberty children (although the main focus of the report was adults). Although initially there were concerns that some of the data in his report could not be obtained without observation or participation in child sexual abuse, the data were revealed much later in the 1990s that were collected from the diaries of a pedophile who had been persecuting children since 1917. This effectively making the data set almost worthless, not only because it is entirely dependent on one source, but the data is heard by a very unreliable observer. In 2000, Swedish researcher Ing-Beth Larsson noted, "It's very common for references still quoting Alfred Kinsey", because of the scarcity of subsequent large-scale studies of child sexual behavior.
The latest learning methodology
The empirical knowledge of child sexual behavior is usually not collected through direct interviews with children, partly because of ethical considerations. Information on child sexual behavior is collected by the following methods:
- Observing children who are being treated for problematic behavior, such as the use of violence in sex games, often using anatomically correct puppets;
- Recollections by adults;
- Observation by nanny.
The most widely publicized sexual research material comes from the Western World, and many dramatic audio-visual materials that may affect social attitudes toward child sexuality are produced either in the United States or for that audience. "Normative" may be because it relates to Western culture rather than the general complexity of human experience.
Normative and non-normative behavior
Although there is variation between each child, children generally want to know about their body and others, and explore their body through explorative sex games. "Playing a doctor" is one such example of childhood exploration; Such games are generally considered normal in young children. Child sexuality is considered very different from adult sexual behavior, which is more driven by purpose. Among children, genital penetration and oral-genital contact are very rare, and can be considered as imitations of adult behavior. Such behavior is more common among children who have been sexually abused.
A 1997 study based on limited variables found no correlation between early childhood (ages 6 and under) sexual play with friends and later adjustments. The study notes that the results do not show conclusively that there is no such correlation. Nor does this study answer the question of the consequences of intense sexual experiences or aggressive or undesirable experiences.
Symptomatic Behavior
Children who are victims of child sexual abuse sometimes exhibit overly sexual behavior, which can be defined as behaviors that are otherwise non-normative for culture. Typical symptomatic behavior may include masturbation or excessive or public beating, manipulating or deceiving other children into non-consensual or unwanted sexual activities, also referred to as "child sexual abuse". Sexual behavior is considered the best indication that a child has been sexually abused.
Children who exhibit sexual behavior may also have other behavioral problems. Other symptoms of child sexual abuse may include post-traumatic stress manifestations in younger children; fear, aggression, and nightmares to young school-aged children; and depression in older children.
In early childhood and middle child
From age three to seven, the following behaviors are normal among children:
- Children want to know where the baby came from.
- Children can explore the bodies of children and other adults out of curiosity.
- At the age of four, children may show significant attachment to the opposite sex.
- Children begin to have a sense of modesty learned and the difference between personal and public behavior.
- For some children, the touch of the genitals increases, especially when they are tired or upset.
Early school age covers about five to seven years of age, and masturbation is common at this age. Children become more aware of gender differences, and tend to choose same-sex friends and playmates, even underestimating the opposite sex. Children can leave attachments that are close to their parents of the opposite sex and become closer to same-sex parents.
During this time, children, especially women, show an increased awareness of social norms regarding sex, nudity, and privacy. Children can use sexual terms to test the reactions of adults. "Bathroom humor" (jokes and conversations related to excretory function), present in the early stages, continues.
"Central childhood" ranges in age from about six to eleven, depending on the methodology and behavior learned, individual development varies greatly.
As this stage progresses, the choice of children who choose same-sex friends becomes more prominent and extends to abuse of the opposite sex.
At the age of 8 or 9 children become aware that sexual arousal is a certain kind of erotic sensation and will seek out this pleasurable experience through a variety of sights, touches, and fantasies.
Sex games between siblings
In 1980, a survey of 796 college students, 15 percent of women and 10 percent of men reported some form of sexual experience involving siblings; most of them fail in sexual relationships. Approximately a quarter of these experiences are described as rough or exploitative. A 1989 paper reported the results of a questionnaire with responses from 526 undergraduate students in which 17 percent of respondents stated that they had pre-teen sexual experiences with siblings.
In non-Western cultures
At the age of seven or eight, the Trobriand Islands children begin to play erotic games with each other and mimic seductive adult attitudes. About four or five years later, they began to pursue sexual partners in earnest. They often change pairs. Girls are as assertive and dominant as boys in pursuing or rejecting lovers. This is not only allowed but encouraged.
A much earlier study (1915-1920) of Trobriand children reported that these children were trying to mimic adult sex by the time they were 10 years old. Similar behavior at the same or earlier age was observed among children in the traditional Tahagmyut family in the Ungava Peninsula, Canada; Tunumiit from Angmagssalik, Greenland; and San sons in South Africa.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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