Muhammad and the Bible

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The argument that Muhammad's prophecy in the Bible initiated his birth, doctrine, and death has become part of the Muslim tradition from the early history of Muhammad Ummah (Arabic: ????? ?, Community) despite being opposed by Christian Doctors of the Church like John of Damascus.

Muslim authors have broadened this viewpoint and argue that they can specifically identify references to Muhammad in the biblical text, both in the Jewish Tanakh and in the Christian New Testament. Several verses in the Qur'an, as well as some Hadiths, suggest that Muhammad is depicted in the Bible. The Apocryphal Gospels of Barnabas, which explicitly mention Muhammad, have also been identified as ancient prophecies about the Prophet, but this book is widely recognized by scholars as artificial from the Early Modern Age (14-15th century).

Some Muslim authors have argued that the hope of the coming prophets is in the Jewish community from before the time of Jesus to Muhammad, and that Muhammad is the ultimate fulfillment of these hopes. Muslims glorify Jesus and other biblical figures, like Moses and David, have laid the groundwork for Muhammad's later efforts.

In terms of Christian perspectives, some important figures such as Martin Luther and John Calvin have interpreted Muhammad in the context of Bible prophecy as either a false prophet or an antichrist. However, many other Christian leaders have taken an alternative approach. The 1910 Catholic Encyclopedia states that "contradictory opinions have been expressed by experts in the last three centuries" of "moral character and sincerity of Muhammad" since "Many of these opinions are biased by the extreme hatred of Islam." and its founders or with extreme admiration, coupled with Christian hatred. "

Video Muhammad and the Bible

Bible verses claimed to be Muhammad's prophecies

Kais Al-Kalby and David Benjamin Keldani read this prophecy in the light of Al-Qur'an 3:81 as a prophet of Muhammad. David Benjamin believes that the Hebrew word Shiloh is actually a deviation from the Hebrew word sh? Lu? meaning "person sent, messenger, messenger" or from the Hebrew word Shil ??? which is "exactly the same as 'The Prophet Yah'".

The Latin Vulgate translates the word as "He... to be sent".

Shiloh is also the name of a city in the Bible.

Deuteronomy, 18:18

18 I will bring them a prophet from among their brethren, as unto thee; and I will put my words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I shall command him. 19 And it shall come to pass, that whosoever will not hear my words which he shall speak in my name, I will demand them. 20 But the prophet, who will speak a word aloud in my name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or who will speak in the name of other gods, the same prophet will die.

Samau'al al-Maghribi, a Jewish mathematician who converted to Islam, pointed to Deuteronomy 18:18 in his book Confirming the Jews as the prophecy fulfilled by Muhammad. Samau'al argues in his book that since the sons of Esau described in Deuteronomy 2: 4-6 [and in Num. 20:14] as brothers of the children of Israel, the sons of Ishmael can also describe the same way.

The comparison between Moses and Muhammad is very common in the Qur'an and the Islamic tradition. Ka'ab al-Ahbar said: "Verily, the Most High God divided his vision and his conversation between Muhammad and Moses, he spoke to Moses twice, and Muhammad saw him twice."

The minority opinion among Muslim scholars is that the Prophet did not see God. This opinion is found among Salafi Muslims. This is supported by the Quranic verse 104 in Al'Anaam Surah 6 "The vision does not see Him, but He feels [all] the visions, and He is the Fine, which is known."

But the majority of Sunni scholars say that Muhammad did see God in two sightings once in a state of dreams in the early prophet's cap and another vision of the Night Journey.

It is also reported in the hadith books that Muhammad proclaimed before his friends that he and Ali are like Moses and Aaron.

Some Muslim authors, such as Muhammad Ali, interpret Quran 46:10 as a reference to Deuteronomy 18:18. Witnesses from among the Israelites are considered Moses, and who like him is believed to be Muhammad.

The Qur'an (73:15) is also interpreted by some Muslim writers, such as Fethullah GÃÆ'¼len, for reference to Deuteronomy 18:18.

John 1: 20-21 was also cited by Muslims as evidence of the canonical gospel that Deuteronomy 18:18 is not a prophecy of Jesus' claims Abdullah Jahangir that according to John 1: 20-21, the Jews believe the promised Messiah (Jesus) and the prophet the promised (Muhammad) will be two separate persons. And that is why they ask John who he is (John). He did not fail to confess, but claimed freely, "I am not the Messiah." They asked him, "Then who are you? Are you Elijah?" He said, "I do not." â € Å"Would you be a Prophet? â € â € Å"He answered, â € Å"No. â € (John 1: 20-21)

Also according to John 7: 40-41 it can be said that during the lifetime of Jesus the Jews are waiting for the promised prophet mentioned in Deuteronomy 18:18, and they believe the promised prophet will come and he will be different from the Messiah promised. Hearing the words, some say, "This man is certainly a Prophet." Others say, "He is the Messiah. ." Others asked, "How can the Messiah come from Galilee?" (John 7: 40-41)

Ulangan, 33: 2

"He said," The Lord came from Sinai and set sail from Seir over us; he shone from Mount Paran; he comes from ten thousand saints, with a flaming fire in his right hand. "

Al-Samawal al-Maghribi refers to this verse also in his book as a prophet of Muhammad. He said Mount Sinai refers to Moses, Mount Seir "Mount Esau" referring to Jesus, and Mount Paran "Mount Ismael" refers to Muhammad.

Some contemporary Muslim scholars also point out the similarities between Deuteronomy 33: 2 and Qur'an 95: 1-3 where "Drawing and Olive" refers to Jesus, "Mount Sinai" refers to Moses, and "Mecca" refers to Muhammad

"Ten thousand saints" is considered to be ten thousand Companions of Muhammad. See: The conquest of Mecca.

Mazmur, 45

Psalm (45: 1-17) is a prophecy and song of praise to the king. Some Muslim writers have raised the argument that it does not describe anyone but Muhammad for the following reasons:

• The beauty of the king: "You are the greatest man." [Psalm 45: 2]
• The sword of the king and his noble triumph over his enemies: "Get rid of your sword by your side, you mighty, put on yourself with splendor and majesty: In the course of your majesty win in righteousness, humility and justice" Let your right hand achieve amazing deeds. Let your sharp arrows penetrate the hearts of the king's enemies; let the nations fall under your feet. "[Psalm 45: 3-5]
• The kings of the king [Ayesha, Hafsa and Safiyya] are among the honored ladies of the king: "The daughters of the king are among your honorable women" [Psalm 45: 9]:
• King David greeted Safiyya bint Huyayy "his daughter" who married Muhammad: "Listen, daughter, and watch carefully: Forget your people and your father's house, let the king be charmed by your beauty; [Psalm 45: 10-11]
• The gift sent by the king [Al-Muqawqis] to him: "The city of Tire will come with gifts, the rich will seek your help." [Psalm 45:12]
• His name is "highly praised": "I will perpetuate your memory through all generations; therefore nations will praise you for ever." [Psalm 45:17]
Psalm 110: 1

Psalm of David. The Lord said to my lord, "Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool."

Some Muslim authors, such as Afzal-ur-Rahman and David Benjamin Keldani, argue that Psalm 110: 1 is also a prophecy of Muhammad and his ascension to the Throne of God during the journey of al-Isra and al-Miraj. In the Gospels, Jesus applies this verse to himself, referring to "my lord" as Christ, the title which he then claims for himself.

Isaiah, 29:12

And the book was sent to him who did not learn, saying, Read this, I pray to you: and he said, I did not study.

Muslim scholars interpret this verse as Muhammad's prophecy, because the tradition says that when the angel Gabriel ordered Muhammad to read something, he replied, "I am not learned." The same verse is read in Christian commentary as referring to unbelievers, who do not believe or understand the words of the prophet Isaiah. His vision became like a sealed book which was hidden.

Isaiah, 40

The voice of one who tears in the wilderness: "Prepare the way of the Lord; Make straight in the wilderness of the highway to our God.

Christians accept that this text refers to John the Baptist, the cousin of Jesus, when he lived in the wilderness and prophesied of the coming of Jesus. The Gospel of Mark quotes this passage and applies it to John the Baptist directly. The interpretation of Isaiah 40: 3-5 as the prophecy of Muhammad is common among Muslims. Ali ÃÅÅ "quoted Qur'an 1: 6-7 which reads:" [1: 6] Guide us to the straight path: [1: 7] the paths of those whom you have blessed, not of those who have brought wrath -You, or those who are lost. "

Yesaya, 42

"Behold, my servant, whom I hold, My chosen, in which my soul delighteth: I have set my Spirit upon him, and he shall bring justice to the Gentiles. > He will not shout, or raise his voice, or cause his voice to be heard on the road. 3 The bruised Bamboo will not break Her, and the flax smoke will not satisfy Him.. ⁴ He will not fail or be discouraged, until He upholds justice on earth, and the islands will wait for His law. "

Isaiah 42 is one of the earliest and most common prophecies spoken by Muslims. Since the time of Muhammad, Muslims believe that it is not fulfilled by anyone other than him. The first verse begins with: "Behold My Servant, whom I hold, My Poet...". The Hebrew word translated to "who I am raising" is "????" (Etmokh). This word never appears anywhere in the Bible except here. The Muslim writer, pointing to the similarity between writing "????" (etmokh) and writing "????" which is the name of Ahmad, suggests that the intended distortion may have been performed by the scribes of Scripture in the first verse of this chapter to hide the name of the Elected Servant from God "????" (Ahmad). Muhammad is believed by Muslims to be God's Servants and His Light, while Christians believe that Jesus is God, begotten from God, not a servant of God. Thus, some Muslim writers argue that Christians have no right to name Isaiah 42 as the prophecy of Jesus. The Qur'an 3: 159, Qur'an 9: 128 and Qur'an 68: 4 describes the gentle character of Muhammad, and since they know him, the Muslims view Muhammad as a blessing sent by God to all people. creation. Among those who believe that Muhammad fulfills Isaiah 42 is Ayeshah bint Ab? Bakr "wife of Muhammad", 'Abd Allah ibn' Amr ibn al-'As, Ka'ab al-Ahbar, and Abdullah ibn Salam.

Sing to God a new song, and praise Him from the ends of the earth, you who descend into the sea, and all that is there, the islands, and its inhabitants! ¹¹ Let the wilderness and its cities raise their voices, the villages inhabited by Kedar. Let the inhabitants of Sela sing, let them shout from the top of the mountain. ¹² Let them give glory to God, and express His praise on the islands. ¹³ God will advance like a mighty man; He will stir up jealousy like a warrior: He will cry, yes, roar; He will win against his enemies.

Isaiah 42:13 is believed to be a prophecy of the Muslim conquerors. "new songs" are often interpreted as references to the Arabic Quran or to the Adhan "call of Islam to prayer". Islands can be a reference to Indonesia and Malaysia.

The mention of Mount Sela '"mountain of Medina" and the mention of Kedar "ancestor of Muhammad", in verse 11, is also regarded by Muslims as evidence.

Yesaya, 54

"Sing, you barren, you who are not yet born, fall into singing, and cry out with a loud voice, You who do not work with children, because there are many more children of the daughters of the married women," says the Lord.

Muslim authors argue that "barren" refers to Mecca, since no prophet came before Muhammad. Rahmatullah Kairawi argues in his book that "not yet working with a child" means "not yet received a prophet". They argue that "lonely woman" refers to Hagar, and "married woman" refers to Sarah.

"Enlarge your tents, stretch your wide curtains, do not hold back;

lengthen your straps, strengthen your bets. For you will spread to the right and to the left

This section is believed to be a prophecy of Muslim conquests.

Daniel, 7

Daniel 7 is discussed by various Muslim authors who identified the fourth beast in vision as the Roman Empire. The ten horns of the Roman Empire were identified as 10 Roman emperors who performed what is widely known in history as the 10 Principal Persecutions:

1. Nero.
2. Domitian.
3. Trajan.
4. Marcus Aurelius.
5. Septimius Severus.
6. Maximinus.
7. Decius.
8. Valerian.
9. Aurelian.
10. Diocletian.

The 11th horn was identified as the Roman emperor Constantine I and the Nicene Creed which he produced to change the law and time. Consequently, Nicea Christians persecuted the followers of Jesus whom they called the Arians for three centuries and half [Daniel 7:25 says that persecution will continue for a time, time and part time] before the rise of the Islamic Kingdom. "The One like the Son of Man" in this vision is interpreted by Muslims as a prophecy of Muhammad and his ascension to the Throne of God. The three horns that were subdued by the 11th horn were identified as three Roman emperors, Licinius, Maxentius, and Maximianus conquered by Constantine I.

Some outstanding opinions have led Muslims to think that the Mahoma is defective by Paul Alvarus of the Maozim word in the Latin version of the Vulgate of the Bible, The Book of Daniel (XI, 38) "Deum autem Maozim in loco suo venerabitur". Maozim has been associated with the worship of the false god, then on the Antichrist. This point has been discussed in Ahlam Sbaihat's investigation of prototypes and stereotypes relating to the name of the Prophet since the time of the Greeks. In this paper, he discusses the possibility of missing words in Alvarus's Latin script from Cordoba that could lead to a misunderstanding of the text: "why do muwahs protect such Maozim"? Moreover, in the Septuagint of Ancient Greece, later in Arabic and Hebrew translations, the word Maozim is translated as "God of power".

Habakkuk, 3: 3

God will come from the south, and the holy from Mount Pharan: His glory covereth the heavens, and the earth is full of praise.

This prophecy is also often quoted by Muslims as Muhammad's prophecy. Since there is no connection between Jesus and Mount Paran "Mount Ismael", Muslims argue that "the holy" in this verse is Muhammad. They often interpret God's coming from southern Palestine as a reference to the Islamic cradle on the west coast of Arabia.

Maps Muhammad and the Bible

Canonical Gospel

Parable of the Bad Husband

³³ "Listen to another parable: There is a housekeeper who planted a vineyard, made a fence around it, dug the wine in it, and built a strong cot, then let the place cheer on the dressing table, and go abroad. ³⁴ When the vintage-time approached, he sent his servants to the wine steward to receive his share of wine; but the wine arrestors arrested the slaves, and who cruelly beat them, whom they killed, they threw stones. ³⁶ Once again he sent another slave more than the first, and they were treated the same way./> Then he sent to them his son, saying, "'They will respect my son.' ³⁸ "But the dressmakers, when they saw his son, said to each other," 'This is the heir: go, let's kill him and get his legacy.' ³⁹ "So they caught him, dragged him out of the vineyard, and killed him.> 40 At that time the owner of the vineyard came, what would he do about the wine ssers? "He will put those unlucky ones on a wretched death," is the answer, "and will entrust the vineyard to other winners who will yield to him the vintage season."

"Have you ever read in the Bible," Jesus said, "The Stone rejected by the builders has been made Cornerstone: This Cornerstone comes from God, and is amazing (???? ?? ??) in our eyes'? ⁴³ "That, I'm telling you, is the reason why the Kingdom of God will be taken from you, and given to a nation that will demonstrate its power. but he who falls on it will be completely destroyed. " ⁴⁵ After listening to his parables, the High Priest and the Pharisees felt that he was talking about them; ⁴⁶ but although they want to lay their hands on them, they are afraid of people, because they are considered Prophets.

Matthew (21: 33-46) has been interpreted by Muslim writers like Kais as follows: The vineyard refers to the kingdom of God. Tenant farmers describe the Israelites. The servants represent the prophets of God whom he sends to them. However, Israeli children often reject many prophets and kill many others, and when God sends them their beloved slave of Jesus, they intend to kill him as well. For this reason, Jesus told them that: "The kingdom of God will be taken from them and given to those who will produce the fruit [ie the nation of Muhammad]".

Muslims read the Parable of tenants in the light of the following Hadiths:

Abu Huraira narrated:
The Messenger of Allah said, "My likeness compared to other prophets before me, is a man who has built a house with good and beautiful, except for a place of one brick in the corner.. People go about it and wonder in his Beauty , but say: 'Will this brick be put in its place!' So I am the brick, and I am the Seal of Prophets. "

The Qur'an speaks to the Jews in many verses and blames them for killing the Prophets:

^{Qur'an 2:91} And when it is said to them, "Believe in what Allah has revealed," they say, "We believe in what is revealed to us." And they do not believe in what comes after that, while that is the truth that affirms what is with them. Say, "Why did you kill the prophets of Allah before, if you really believed?"

^{Qur'an 2:87} And We certainly gave Moses the Torah and followed after him with the apostles. And We gave Jesus, son of Mary, the real proof and supported it with the Holy Spirit. But is it [no] that whenever an apostle comes to you, [Children of Israel], with what your soul does not desire, are you arrogant? And a feast [of your apostles] you are rejected and the other side you kill.

Christians argue that the stone that the builder rejects is Jesus himself. However, the fact is that Jesus was rejected by the tenants not by the builders. But biblical commentators disputed this claim because the builder (plural, not singular as in the vineyard) is a church builder and a Jewish community.

Muslim writers such as Sami Ameri argue that the Greek word for beautiful (???????) in Matthew 21:42 and Mark 12:11 has a similar meaning to the Arabic word for Ahmad in Al-Qur'an 61: 6 Sami quotes "New Testament Greek Lexicon - King James Version" which translates (????????) to "worthy of pious admiration"; a meaning very similar to the meaning of Arabic words to Ahmad and Muhammad.

Paraclete

John, 14: 16-17: "And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Helper, to be with you forever, even the Spirit of Truth, which is unacceptable to the world, for not seeing him or knowing him.You know him, he abides with you and will be in you. "

John, 15:26: "When the Advocate comes (Paraslet) I will send to you from the presence of the Father - the Spirit of Truth coming from the presence of the Father - He will be a witness of me."

John 16: 7: "Nevertheless, I say unto you, Surely it is wise for you that I go away: for if I go not away, the Comforter will not come to you; but if I go away I will send it to you. b>

John, 16: 12-14: "I still have many things to say to you, but you can not bear it now." Whenever the Spirit of Truth comes, he will guide you to all truths: for he will not speak of himself , but whatever he will hear, he will speak: and he will show you things to come, he will glorify me. "

Many Muslim writers argue that "another Paraclete" (John 14:16) - the first is Jesus - referring to Muhammad. (Muslim authors have also shown that the word "Paraclete" is also applied to Jesus himself in 1 John 2: 1) This claim is based on the Qur'anic verse from Surah 61 verse 6. The earliest possible student of Ibn Ishaq (died 767 ), which states that Islamic tradition is a Christian grandson. Some Muslim commentators, such as David Benjamin Keldani (1928), argue the theory that the original Greek word used is periklytos , meaning famous, famous, or praiseworthy, translated in Arabic as Ahmad (another name from Muhammad), and that this was replaced by Christians with parakletos .

According to Muslim missionary Ahmed Deedat, all biblical references to the Paraclete fit Muhammad more accurately than the Holy Spirit. For example, Deedat mentions that 16: 7 of the Gospel of John states that the Paraclete will only arrive as soon as Jesus has departed; however, Deedat notes that the Holy Spirit mentioned in the Bible has existed several times even before Jesus' departure.

According to Zakir Naik, "Ahmed" or "Muhammad" which means "praised" or "praised" is almost a Greek translation of Periclytos. In the Gospel of John 14:16, 15:26, and 16: 7, the word "entertainer" is used in several English translations for the Greek word ?????????? which means "advocate, servant." Some Muslims claim that Paracletos is a curved reading for Periclytos.

Christians say that the Comforter mentioned in this prophecy refers to the Holy Spirit. Another interpretation is that in John 16: 7 the prophecy says that only if Jesus departs, the Comforter will come. The Bible declares that the Holy Spirit was already on the earth before and during Jesus' time, in Elizabeth's womb, and again when Jesus was baptized, etc. Therefore this prophecy can be seen as a reference to Muhammad.

One of the names and titles of Muhammad in Islam is A? -? Af? `(In Arabic: ??????) which means" intercessor "or" advocate ". This led some Muslim authors to believe that the Advocate (Paraclete) promised in the Gospel of John was Muhammad himself.

In John 16: 12-13, the Lawyer is described in a manner similar to the description of the Prophet like Moses in Deuteronomy 18:18. The advocate is called the spirit of Truth, because he will not speak as he comes from what he says, but everything he hears will speak, and he will show you things that will come. Rahmatullah Kairawi quotes Qur'an 53: 3-4 in his argument to prove that Muhammad fulfilled this description of the Advocate in John 16: 12-13.

Early Muslim scientist to identify Paraclete with Muhammad's possibility Ibn Ishaq (died 767). Other people interpreting Paraclete as references to Muhammad include Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Katsir, Al-Qurtubi, Rahmatullah Kairanawi (1818-1891), and contemporary Muslim scholars such as Martin Lings.

The variation on this argument is the suggestion that the word Paraclete (in the Greek New Testament text) is corruption or genuine alteration. The Greek word Periclyte (????????? periklytos ), which means "very famous". This meaning is very similar to the literal translation of the names of Ahmad or Muhammad in Arabic ("a highly praised person"). George Sale refers to this view in the translation of the Qur'an in 1734, which shows that Muslim scholars attribute this to the Qur'anic passage in the Sura As-Saff where it is stated that Jesus spoke of an Apostle to come after him, "His name is Ahmad".

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The Gospel of Barnabas

Some Muslims including Muhammad Abu Zahra claim that a change is made to the current canon of the Christian Bible, excluding material that represents the authentic message of Jesus, claiming that authentic tradition is represented in the Gospel of Barnabas, which contains predictions of Muhammad A later Muslim author, Ata ur-RahÃÆ'® m, claiming that "the Gospel of Barnabas was accepted as the canonical Gospel in the churches of Alexandria until 325". The Gospel of Barnabas is generally seen as made in the Renaissance.

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People "with Muhammad" in the Bible

Qur'an 48:29 tells what the examples of "Those who are with Muhammad" in the Torah, and what their parables are in the Bible:

^{Qur'an 48:29} Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and "the people with him" are very strong against the infidels, merciful among themselves. You see them bend and prostrate [in prayer], seek the grace of God and His pleasure. The signs of Faith are evident in their faces because of prostration. That is their example in the Torah. And their parable in the Gospel is like a seed that puts forward its top, then strengthens it, becoming firm and standing on its trunk, delighting the sower - so that God may upset the infidels. Allah has promised those who believe and do righteous deeds among them forgiveness and great reward.

According to this verse, the example of the "people with Muhammad" in the Torah is those who look bent, kneeling in prayer, falling on their faces [seeking grace from God and his enjoyment] and signs of their faith clearly on their faces because of prostration. This example can be traced in many verses from the Torah, and other Bible chapters as well, commonly referred to by Muslims to show that all the prophets of God include Abraham, Moses, Aaron, David, and even Jesus himself praying as Muslims pray; with their knees, bowing, falling to their faces in front of the World Creator, and praising them:

^{Genesis 17: 3-4} And Abram fell on his face: and God talked to him, saying, â € Å"For me, with you, and you will be the father of many nations.

And Moses and Aaron went out from the presence of the assembly to the entrance of the Meeting Tent, and they fell upon their faces: and the glory of the Lord appeared. to themselves.

And the Blessed One spoke to Moses and to Aaron, saying, "Separate yourselves from this church, that I may consume it shortly. And they fall upon their faces, and say, O God, the God of the spirits of all men, shall a man sin, and wilt thou be in anguish with all the churches?

^{Psalm 95: 6} Come on, let's bow in worship, let's kneel

1 Kings 18:42 Then Ahab went up to eat and drink. And Elijah went to the top of Carmel; then he bent over the ground, and put his face between his knees,

And when all the men of Israel saw how the fire went down, and the glory of the Lord over the house they bowed their faces to the ground. pavement, and worship, and praise the Lord, saying, Because he is good; for his mercy endures forever.

^{Nehemiah 8: 6} Ezra praises the Lord, the great Lord; and everyone raises their hands and answers, "Amen! Amen!" Then they bowed and worshiped God with their faces to the ground.

^{Matthew 26:39} And he [Jesus] went a little further, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, lets, let this cup pass from me: but not as I want, but because you're so sick.

Luke 6:12 And it came to pass in those days that he [Jesus] went down to the mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to the Lord.

According to this verse, the parable of "those who are with Muhammad" in the Gospel is: "like a seed that puts forward its shoots, then strengthen it, becoming firm and standing on the stem, pleasant to the sower":

- The Parable of the Growing Seeds

Mark 4: 26-29
26 He also said, "This is the kingdom of God, a man scattering seed in the ground, 27 night and day, whether he sleeps or gets up, the seed sprouts and grows, though he does not know the way. the first - the stalk, then the head, and all the inside of the core in the head.29 As soon as the seed is ripe, he put the sickle there, because the harvest has arrived.

- The Likeness of the Seeds of Seed

Mark, 4: 30-32
30 Again he said, â € Å"What will we say about the kingdom of God, or what parable will we use to describe it? 31 This is like a mustard seed, which is the smallest seed in the world. 32 But when grown, it grows and becomes the largest of all garden plants, with large branches so the birds can settle in the shade. "

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Non-Islamic views

Early Christian writers claimed that Muhammad was predicted in the Bible, as the forthcoming Antichrist, false prophet, or false Messiah. According to Albert Hourani, the initial interaction between Christians and Muslims is characterized by hostility on the part of Europeans because they interpret Muhammad in the biblical context as Antichrist. The earliest known exponent of this view is John of Damascus in the 7th century. At c. 850 CE about 50 Christians were killed in Muslim-ruled CÃ ¢ roba, Andalusia after a Christian priest named Perfectus said that Muhammad was one of the "false Christ" prophesied in Matthew 24: 16.42. Monk Eulogius of CÃÆ'³rdoba (c. 800-859 AD) justified the views of Perfectus and other Martyrs from CÃÆ'³rdoba, saying that they witnessed "against the angel of Satan and the embryo of the Antichrist... Muhammad, the heresiarch." John Calvin argues that "The name of the Antichrist does not appoint an individual, but a kingdom that extends into many generations", saying that both Muhammad and the Catholic popes are "antichrists".

The prophecy of the "Four Kingdoms of Daniel" in Chapter 7 of the Book of Daniel has also been interpreted by Christians as predictions of Muhammad. Eulogius holds that Muhammad is the Fourth Beast in prophesy. Another medieval monk, Alvarus, argued that Muhammad was the "eleventh king" who emerged from the Fourth Beast. According to historian John Tolan,

In Daniel's description of this beast, Alvarus sees the Antichrist's career with Muhammad and his disciples. The eleventh king who emerged after the other, "different from the first," who subjugated the three kings, was not Muhammad, who defeated the Greeks, Romans, and Goths? "And he will utter great words against the Most High": does he not deny the deity of Christ, thus, according to Saint John, showing himself as Antichrist? He "will annihilate the saints of the Most High": is this not a prediction of the persecution inflicted by Muslims, especially the martyrs of CÃÆ'³rdoba? He will "think of changing times and laws": does he not introduce the Muslim calendar and the Koran? "

Since the seventh century, the name of the Prophet of Islam has been the focus of some stereotypes. Greek and Latin sources present exaggerated and sometimes wrong stereotypes in literature, and orthographic forms, varying between them, divided by two Western cultures: Spain and France. The variation and form of the name of the Prophet of Islam is formulating the stereotypes that shape Western opinions and feelings towards new religious leaders. Their reference plays a major role in introducing Muhammad and his religion to the West as a false prophet who wrote the Koran, the prince or Saracen god, the biblical beast, the schismatic of Christianity, the demonic beings, and the Antichrist.

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See also

• Christian messianic prophecies

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Note

Footnotes explaining

Footnote quote

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Bibliography

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External links

• Is Muhammad Found in the Bible?
• Prophet Muhammad in the Old and New Testament
• Jesus is a Muslim
• Mission-Islam
• Prophet Muhammad in the Bible
• Prophet Muhammad in the Bible: Torah and Psalms

Source of the article : Wikipedia